Conditional sentences type 0.
If/When/Whenever + HTĐ, HTĐ/TLĐ
Used to express a truth, an obvious fact
VD : If students don’t study, they fail the exam.
If you play football in the house, you will break the window.
Conditional sentences type 1.
If + HTĐ, HTĐ/TLĐ
Used to describe an action or event that can happen in the present or future.
VD : If we continue to be lazy, we will fail the exam.
+ Thay will bằng be (is/am/are) going to, can, could, may, might, should, have to
Conditional sentences type 2.
If + QKĐ/QKTD, S + would/could/might + V
Used to express actions that are contrary to the present or future.
VD : If I was rich, I would buy an aircraft.
If I were you, I would study harder (If I were you is often used to advise someone)
Conditional sentences type 3.
If + QKHT, S + would/could/should/might + have + PP
Used to express actions contrary to the past.
VD : If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
If he had worked hard, he would have been rich.
Mixed conditional sentences (Type 2 + Type 3)
Clause 1 (type 2) is contrary to the present, Clause 2 (type 3) is contrary to the past
If + QKĐ/QKTD, S + would/could/should/might have PP
VD : If I were you, I would have taken a map.
If I was young, I would have joined the beauty club.
Mixed conditional sentences (Type 3 + Type 2)
Clause 1 (type 3) is contrary to the past, Clause 2 (type 2) is contrary to the present
If + QKHT, S + would/could/might + V
VD : If you had studied hard, I would study abroad now.
Inversion of conditional sentences.
Inversion of the first modal verb : Should at the beginning of the sentence
Inversion of the second conjugation : Were at the beginning of the sentence
Inversion of the 3rd type of sentence : Had at the beginning of the sentence
CEO:
If I meet him tomorrow -> Should I meet him tomorrow
If I were you -> Were I you
If I had money -> Were I to have money (Were + S + to V)
If he had driven carefully -> Had he driven carefully
CEO:
If we continue to be lazy, we will fail the exam.
-> Should we continue to be lazy, we will fail the exam.
If I was rich, I would buy an aircraft.
-> Were I to be rich, I would buy an aircraft.
If I were you, I would ask her before borrowing.
-> Were I you, I would ask her before borrowing.
If I had car, I would drive you to the park.
-> Were I to have car, I would drive you to the park.
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
-> Had I studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Some other structures are similar to if.
8.1. as long as/so long as : as long as
VD : We will go up to the hills this weekend as long as the weather turns OK.
8.2. provided that/providing that : provided that
VD : I will give you a computer provided that you pass the exam.
8.3. On condition that = provided that : on condition that
8.4. Suppose/Supposing : suppose
VD : Supposing tomorrow’s exam becomes difficult, I will properly fail the exam.
8.5. If it wasn’t/weren’t for + N : if it wasn’t for
VD : If it wasn’t for my parents, I would not have been successful.
8.6. Were it not for + N || But for + N
VD : But for my parents, I would not have been successful.
VD : Were it not for my parents, I would not have been successful.
8.7. If it hadn’t been for | Had it not been for + N
8.8. In case : in case
VD : In case I fail the exam, my parents will criticize me.
8.9. Unless = If not
VD : Unless I pass the exam (=If I do not pass the exam), py parents will criticize me.
8.10. Otherwise:
VD : You should have your AC repaired, otherwise your AC will not operate.
8.11. If + S + should/happen to + V : to do something by chance
VD : If you happen to see/should see Peter, tell him to call me.
8.12. If so/If not : if so then, if not then
VD : Did you study hard this year? If so, you will get good results. If not, you will get bad results.
CONCLUSION
Above is an A-Z guide to the grammar theory section: Comparison.
Hopefully the help and advice from 2G Education below will help improve your IELTS Reading learning and review process!
